In their study, Heidland and Wichardt conducted an experiment with 662 German participants, showing them descriptions of an alleged Syrian refugee, including a picture. In some cases, the refugee was described as acknowledging and showing empathy toward German concerns about cultural changes, financial costs, and potential security issues. This simple acknowledgment had profound effects on how participants viewed the refugee.

When the refugee showed understanding of local concerns, participants reported finding them more likeable and were better able to empathise with them. This effect was particularly strong among people who tend to be more cautious about uncertain situations.

The study draws on various academic fields, including psychology, economics, and political science. It suggests that when people experience conflicting feelings – wanting to help refugees while also feeling anxious about changes to society – this internal conflict can lead to defensive reactions and reduced openness toward newcomers.

However, when refugees acknowledge these concerns, this internal tension can be resolved. The researchers explain this using the concept of ‘identity economics’, which explores how people’s various social identities affect their behaviour. When the anxious part of someone’s identity is acknowledged, they become free to express more welcoming attitudes.

Interestingly, the study found that having previous contact with foreigners and being more willing to take risks were important factors in determining how likely people were to want to interact with refugees. This aligns with previous research showing that actual contact between different groups often improves relationships and reduces prejudice.

This research opens up new possibilities for improving integration efforts and community relations. By understanding how acknowledging concerns can reduce defensive reactions and promote openness, we might find better ways to support the successful integration of refugees.