Health and Medicine
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Professor Waldemar Carlo | Delivering Hope: Reducing Infections in Childbirth
Childbirth is a joyous event for parents, but for many mothers, it entails a significant infection risk. Maternal infections can range from mild infections to life-threatening sepsis, which is a leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Recent research led by Professor Waldemar Carlo from the University of Alabama at Birmingham in the Global Network for Women’s and Children’s Health Research has revealed a simple solution: a single oral dose of the antibiotic azithromycin administered during labor.
Dr Sofia Forssten | Combining Fibre, Food and Probiotics to Promote Gut Health
Our gut microbiome plays a crucial role in overall health. This diverse community of trillions of bacteria, viruses and fungi not only aids digestion, but also produces compounds that protect against inflammation, boost immunity, and support psychological wellbeing. Disruptions to this balance – caused by illness, diet or antibiotics – can lead to many health issues, including infections and chronic conditions. In recent years, scientists have been exploring how diet can be used to maintain and restore a healthy gut microbiome. Dr Sofia Forssten at IFF Health Sciences in Finland is at the forefront of this research. She and her colleagues focus on how dietary fibres and probiotics can shape the intricate ecosystem of the gut microbiome.
Dr. Kim Gregory | Transforming Maternity Care in Hospitals
Childbirth is one of the most significant experiences in many people’s lives, and hospitals play a critical role in shaping this experience. In recent years, more attention has focused on how a mother’s satisfaction with hospital care during childbirth impacts both her wellbeing and the broader quality of maternity care. In recent research, Dr. Kim Gregory and her colleagues at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center identified specific elements that improve the hospital birth experience, aiming to give hospitals better tools to support new mothers and their families.
Dr Guy Willems | New Insights into Preventing Impacted Teeth in Children
Prevention is always better than cure when it comes to our dental health. For children, ensuring that teeth develop correctly can prevent complications and save years of invasive orthodontic treatment. One issue that often arises in children is impaction of the upper canine teeth, which can fail to erupt properly due to crowding or misalignment. Impacted canines can cause damage to neighbouring teeth, require surgery, and result in years of orthodontic treatments. As such, we need a better understanding of how to prevent this issue.
Improving the Diagnosis and Treatment of Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder – or ARFID – is characterised by ongoing eating difficulties that can lead to malnutrition, weight changes, faltering growth in children, reliance on supplements, stress and social difficulties. Some affected individuals struggle to recognise when they are hungry or find eating unenjoyable, while others might avoid certain foods because of their texture, smell, or appearance. Past experiences such as choking or vomiting can also make someone avoid eating. In a recent review, researchers Tanith Archibald and Rachel Bryant-Waugh at the Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders provide an overview of our current understanding of ARFID and its implications for clinical practice.
Dr Paul Edwards | Rethinking Cancer: Could Much of Tumour Behaviour Be the Body’s Normal Healing Response?
Much cancer research investigates why tumours behave the way they do. Many researchers believe that tumours manipulate their environment to grow and spread, using sophisticated strategies to hijack the body’s own systems. However, new ideas are challenging this view, suggesting that the behaviour of tumours might be closer to the body’s natural responses to damage. In his recent paper, Dr Paul Edwards at Cambridge University offers an eye-opening perspective on this.
Dr. Wendi Quinn O’Neill | Repurposing an Anti-lipid Drug to Tackle HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancer
HPV-positive head and neck cancer is driven by HPV – a virus that is well known to cause cervical cancer. HPV-positive head and neck cancer is typically treated with surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy. However, treatment outcomes are far from ideal, and there is a clear need for new therapies. This cancer features a viral protein called E6 as a lynchpin of its survival and growth. Previous research has shown that using genetic tools to block this protein can prevent tumor growth. E6, and the signaling pathways associated with it, may therefore represent a tantalizing therapeutic target for HPV-driven cancers.
Revolutionizing Medicine Production with Continuous Flow Chemistry
Modern drugs depend on safe, efficient, and sustainable chemical manufacturing processes. However, traditional batch synthesis methods often involve hazardous intermediates and complex steps, are vulnerable to global supply chain disruption and pose risks to workers and the environment. To address this, Dr. Patrick O’Neill of Pfizer, Ireland, and Professor Jie Wu from the National University of Singapore, alongside their teams, have pioneered a revolutionary method to synthesize 1,2,3-triazole, a key compound used to manufacture the vital antibiotic tazobactam.
Professor Martin Garcia | Electric Fields Could Stop COVID-19 in Its Tracks
Imagine a world where we can neutralise airborne viruses by simply using invisible electric fields. Research led by Professor Martin Garcia has uncovered a surprising weakness in SARS-CoV-2 – the virus responsible for COVID-19. His team’s work reveals that the spike protein, critical for allowing the virus to infect human cells, can be disrupted with electric fields. This discovery is paving the way for new technologies that combat airborne diseases.
Dr. Luis Teodoro da Luz | Bridging the Communication Gap in Trauma Care, one Handover at a Time
During high-pressure patient handovers between emergency services and trauma teams, communication errors can lead to critical information falling through the cracks, potentially endangering patients. To enable streamlined information sharing in high-stakes medical settings, Australian researchers devised the IMIST-AMBO tool, which is short for Identification, Mechanism of injury, Injuries, Signs/Symptoms, Treatment and Response, Allergies, Medications, Background, and Other. If its value in improving communication during handovers can be confirmed, then this approach could pave the way for enhanced patient care.
Dr. Philippe Vangrieken | New Insights into Preeclampsia: Advancing from Vascular Health Challenges to Early Diagnosis
Preeclampsia is a serious condition that affects up to 8% of pregnancies, leading to high blood pressure and organ damage. It poses significant risks for both mother and baby, yet its underlying causes have been poorly understood, making early diagnosis and effective treatment challenging. Recent research led by Dr. Philippe Vangrieken, a European Registered Toxicologist at Maastricht University Medical Center, has identified a key biochemical factor involved in preeclampsia: methylglyoxal (MGO).
EARLYDRAIN: Improving Outcomes for Patients with Brain Hemorrhage from an Intra-cranial Aneurysm
A subarachnoid hemorrhage involves bleeding into the space between the brain and its surrounding membrane. A common cause is the rupture of an aneurysm – a weak spot in a blood vessel of the brain. Almost all patients present with the worst headache of their life, and those who are severely affected may lose consciousness. A subarachnoid hemorrhage is a life-threatening emergency, with a significant proportion of patients dying or suffering life-long sequelae.
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