Health and Medicine
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Dr Beate Aurich | Identifying, Understanding and Managing Treatment-Related Risks of Medicines Prescribed to Children
Pharmacovigilance is the continuous process of detecting, assessing, understanding, preventing and managing treatment-related risks throughout the life cycle of medicinal products.
Professor Jozina de Graaf | Improving Outcomes Following Lower Limb Amputation
After the amputation of a lower limb, amputees can learn to walk with an artificial replacement for that limb known as a prosthesis. This can be challenging, however, due to the loss of somatosensory information such as the perception of touch and pressure coming from the foot. For the majority of amputees, their lost limb can still be perceived through a phenomenon known as phantom limb, in which a painless tingling or a warm sensation is often felt where the limb used to be.
Michael Bevington | Does Radiation from Mobile Phones and Wi-Fi Affect Human Health?
Electromagnetic hypersensitivity, or EHS, is a condition in which individuals experience a variety of symptoms from non-ionising electromagnetic radiation. Such radiation includes Wi-Fi and mobile phone signals. A scientific consensus international report by 32 experts argues that there is sufficient evidence for electromagnetic hypersensitivity to be acknowledged as a distinct neuropathological disorder. However, some scientists still only accept the adverse ‘thermal effects’ of non-ionising electromagnetic radiation, such as a rise in body temperature. Such scientists confuse instances of electromagnetic hypersensitivity with a psychological fear of electromagnetic devices.
Dr. Vladimir I. Vladimirov | Uncovering the Genetic and Molecular Underpinnings of Psychiatric Disorders
Over the past decade or so, researchers have conducted several large-scale genetic studies employing hundreds of thousands of patients, to identify genetic variants associated with psychiatric disorders. However, very few studies have explored how these genetic variants impact molecular processes in the brain, leading to the development of various psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, major depression, or alcohol addiction.
Dr. Anand Kumar | Exploiting the Interactions Between Microbes and Host to Enhance Human Health
All animals harbor a wide range of microbes, including bacteria and fungi. In the human body, microbial cells outnumber human cells by 10 to 1! Interactions between microbes affect many physiological processes within the body, including metabolism, digestion, immunity and the production of vitamins. For instance, many beneficial microbes can suppress the growth of harmful microbes within the gut. If these microbial interactions become disrupted, we can be at a greater risk of developing various diseases.
Addressing antimalarial drug resistance in Africa to ensure patients can continue to be saved
We are pleased to be joined by Dorothy Achu, Regional Malaria Adviser, WHO African Region; Aimable Mbituyumuremyi, Director, National Malaria Control Program, Ministry of Health, Rwanda; Adam Aspinall, Senior Director, Access and Product Management, and George Jagoe, Executive Vice-President Medicines for Malaria Venture. To learn about antimalarial drug resistance in Africa to ensure patients can continue to be saved.
Douglas S. Levine | Douglas A. Drossman – How Knowledge-Sharing and Patient-Centered Care Could Improve US Healthcare
Despite many strengths, the US healthcare system has shortcomings, including unequal access to care, inconsistent quality, high costs, and dissatisfaction. In a recent paper, Levine and Drossman explored misalignments contributing to poorer health outcomes and increased costs in the US compared to peer countries. Their paper models the healthcare system as two parts: patient-provider relationships, and stakeholders.
Dr. Mario Ernesto Cruz Muñoz | Understanding How Leukemia Evades the Immune System
Natural killer cells, along with other lymphocytes, are responsible for finding cells that are experiencing stress. Such cellular stress can occur when a cell is infected with a virus, or when it is becoming cancerous. Natural killer cells can identify stressed cells by detecting signals on their surfaces. These signals are recognized by a suite of proteins found on the surfaces of killer cells, known as immunoreceptors. Upon detecting these signals, natural killer cells secrete toxic substances that can kill the stressed cells.
Dr Cini Bhanu | Revealing Which Medications Can Cause Postural Hypotension
The Office for National Statistics has forecast that by 2040, one in seven citizens will be aged 75 or over. An aging population faces a number of healthcare challenges, including an increase in the prevalence of chronic conditions, and changes in physiology that increase the risk of falls and other accidents. Postural – or orthostatic – hypotension is a condition in which a person’s blood pressure drops significantly when they stand up from sitting or lying down. When blood pressure drops suddenly on standing, not enough blood flow reaches a person’s brain and they can experience symptoms such as dizziness, blurred vision, and falls.
Dr Joseph DeLozier | A Promising Treatment to Reduce Wrinkles and Sun Damage
Out of all patients diagnosed with breast cancer, only 1% are men. The classical presentation of male breast cancer consists of a painless and hard tumour that appears behind the areola – the circular area around the nipple. This is different from breast cancer in women, who can present a tumour in different parts of the breast. In some cases, however, male breast cancer can manifest at the same time as gynecomastia.
Professor Dorothy Ibifuro Makanjuola | New Insights into Breast Cancer Presentation in Men
Out of all patients diagnosed with breast cancer, only 1% are men. The classical presentation of male breast cancer consists of a painless and hard tumour that appears behind the areola – the circular area around the nipple. This is different from breast cancer in women, who can present a tumour in different parts of the breast. In some cases, however, male breast cancer can manifest at the same time as gynecomastia.
Dr Zirui Huang | How the Brain’s Functional Geometry Could Encode Dimensions of the Mind
The concept of consciousness extends beyond mere philosophical pondering. Scientists are currently exploring how conscious experience emerges from electrochemical processes within the brain. Unraveling this mystery holds significant implications for brain health, encompassing phenomena such as comas, surgical anesthesia, and the altered perceptions observed in schizophrenia. Emerging research indicates that consciousness is not localized to a single brain region, but rather arises as a result of network interactions. Understanding the intricate connections between brain regions that contribute to consciousness has remained a challenging endeavor.
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