The study focuses on transposons, often called ‘jumping genes’ because they can move around within a genome. These mobile DNA sequences were long thought to be useless or even harmful. The team’s research suggests that in red seaweeds, transposons may be closely linked to how cells respond to environmental stress.

By examining the DNA of 17 seaweed species, Garcia-Jimenez and Robaina found that red seaweeds contain especially large numbers of a type of transposon known as LTR retrotransposons. These were far less common in brown and green seaweeds, highlighting a key difference in how their genomes are organised.

What makes this discovery striking is where these LTR elements are found. Many sit close to genes involved in managing stress and regulating cell activity. This relationship may not be accidental, as nearby genes could help keep transposons under control, reducing genetic damage. Alternatively, the transposons themselves may help switch on useful genes when seaweeds are under pressure.

This idea fits well with life on the shore. Red seaweeds regularly experience drying tides, sudden changes in salt levels, and strong sunlight. As climate change increases the intensity and frequency of these stresses, the ability to respond quickly becomes even more critical.

The work of Robaina and Garcia-Jimenez suggests that jumping genes may be part of that rapid response system. By looking beyond traditional genes, this research reveals a hidden layer of genetic flexibility. What was once dismissed as genetic ‘noise’ may help seaweeds survive in a rapidly changing ocean.