Business and Economy

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Professor Usha Haley | Chinese Investments in American Shale Gas Hinder US Innovation and Environmental Protection

Professor Usha Haley | Chinese Investments in American Shale Gas Hinder US Innovation and Environmental Protection

The shale-gas sector extracts, refines and distributes natural gas from between layers of bedrock. This sector is now an important source of natural gas and energy in the US. While China is estimated to have large shale-gas deposits of its own, it lacks the technological resources to exploit them efficiently. As such, China has made significant investments in the US shale-gas sector. However, with geopolitical tensions between the US and China rising, and the need to reduce the environmental impacts of shale-gas exploitation, the risks of Chinese investment require new appraisal.

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Dr Tope Adeniyi | Exploring the Effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid in IVF Procedures

Dr Tope Adeniyi | Exploring the Effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid in IVF Procedures

During in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) an embryo is transferred to the uterus using a nutrient-rich liquid. This embryo transfer medium often contains hyaluronic acid, a substance commonly found in the human body, including the uterus. Hyaluronic acid rich embryo transfer medium is offered as an add-on that can enhance IVF outcomes, but studies investigating its effectiveness have received mixed results. Establishing whether hyaluronic acid is truly beneficial and safe is important for maximising IVF outcomes and pursuing evidence-based practice.

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Professor Mingzhi Xu | US-China Trade War Tariffs: Unveiling the Hidden Costs to American Consumers

Professor Mingzhi Xu | US-China Trade War Tariffs: Unveiling the Hidden Costs to American Consumers

Ongoing trade tensions between the United States and China have reshaped global economic dynamics. However, little attention has been given to how these trade policies affect everyday Americans. A new study reveals how US tariffs on Chinese goods have disproportionately affected low-income American households. Research from an international team of scholars, Professors Mingzhi Xu at Peking University, Hong Ma at Tsinghua University, Jingxin Ning at UIBE, and Luca Macedoni at Aarhus University, provides compelling evidence for the benefits of free trade and the overlooked costs of trade barriers.

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Professor Mark Jarzombek – Professor Vikramaditya Prakash | A House Deconstructed: Uncovering the Hidden History of the Modern Home

Professor Mark Jarzombek – Professor Vikramaditya Prakash | A House Deconstructed: Uncovering the Hidden History of the Modern Home

Modern houses are far more than just places of comfort; they are the end products of complex, global processes that are often hidden from view. Professors Mark Jarzombek of MIT and Vikramaditya Prakash of the University of Washington delve into these hidden aspects by studying a modern house built in Seattle in 2018. Their findings reveal that the presumed transparency and simplicity of modern architecture actually obscure deep ethical and environmental issues.

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Dr Richard Gunton | A Pluralistic Evaluation Framework that Responds to the Complex Challenges We Face

Dr Richard Gunton | A Pluralistic Evaluation Framework that Responds to the Complex Challenges We Face

Societies across the world are facing complex sustainability challenges. We are changing the climate, over-consuming resources, and failing to appreciate the connections between water, energy, and food systems. However, well-meaning policy responses can often produce unintended consequences and controversy, because important factors are overlooked. Many existing evaluation methods focus on accountability and whether a policy has achieved stated objectives. This does not address whether the outcomes have delivered real benefits in the eyes of all stakeholders. There is an urgent need for a more inclusive tool to shape and evaluate policies.

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Professor Deborah Bleviss | Why a Long-admired Brazilian Public Transport System is More Relevant Than Ever

Professor Deborah Bleviss | Why a Long-admired Brazilian Public Transport System is More Relevant Than Ever

The Brazilian city of Curitiba became famous in the 1980s for its environmental strategies and public transportation system, introduced by three-time mayor, Jaime Lerner. Many leaders from around the world travelled to Curitiba to observe and try to copy what the city had accomplished. In recent years, however, with the political scandals, economic malaise and social problems that have dogged Brazil, some now question whether Curitiba remains a relevant model. In a recent paper, Professor Deborah Bleviss explains why the city’s experiences remain relevant today.

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Professor Xiaobei Li | How Companies Can Harness HR Management to Thrive in a Changing World

Professor Xiaobei Li | How Companies Can Harness HR Management to Thrive in a Changing World

Companies today exist in a changing world, bringing both opportunities for growth and increasingly complex challenges. To survive and thrive, organisations need a robust understanding of HR management. Professor Xiaobei Li at Shanghai Business School and colleagues from various universities recently explored how companies can harness HR management to motivate their staff, towards ensuring high performance into the future.

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Dr. Ze (Mia) Zhu | The Promise of Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions in Organizational Settings

Dr. Ze (Mia) Zhu | The Promise of Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions in Organizational Settings

The emotional state and job performance of an employee can greatly fluctuate over minutes, hours and days. Towards supporting employee wellbeing and maximizing productivity, Dr. Ze (Mia) Zhu at the University of Nebraska Omaha and her colleagues at George Mason University recently explored the potential of Just-in-Time Adaptive Interventions – or JITAIs. JITAIs encourage positive change in organizations, by intervening at the right moment and in the right context.

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Dr Claudia Manzi – Dr Eleonora Crapolicchio | How Companies Can Retain Young Workers

Dr Claudia Manzi – Dr Eleonora Crapolicchio | How Companies Can Retain Young Workers

Younger workers will have a far higher number of jobs throughout their careers, compared to previous generations. Accordingly, they display lower organisational commitment than the baby boomer generation. It is thus more important than ever for companies to understand how to attract and retain talent. The person-organisation fit theory is often used to assess the relationship between an organisation and its employees. It measures the compatibility between workers and organizations in terms of needs, values, interests, and behaviour, taking into consideration the company’s culture, mission, and strategy.

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Professor Meng Li – Professor Chengrui Xiao | Protecting Workers’ Welfare and Economic Efficiency through Equitable Fiscal Policies

Professor Meng Li – Professor Chengrui Xiao | Protecting Workers’ Welfare and Economic Efficiency through Equitable Fiscal Policies

In most developed countries and major developing countries, there has been a recent increase in income and wealth inequality. A small, affluent pocket of the population obtains their income from salary and assets, whilst the larger, less affluent population receives only labour earnings. Because of these different sources of income, it is likely that economic shocks and resulting fiscal policies affect these groups in different ways. Policy experiments are a tool used by economists to explore the impact of different fiscal policies, such as taxation and public spending. For example, they might seek to understand policy responses to economic expansions and contractions, and their outcomes on inequality.

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Professor Meng Li | How Loss-averse Behaviour of Individuals Affects National Economic Systems

Professor Meng Li | How Loss-averse Behaviour of Individuals Affects National Economic Systems

Loss aversion is a concept in behavioural economics that refers to the tendency of people to strongly prefer avoiding losses rather than acquiring equivalent gains. Put simply, individuals often feel the negative emotions of losing something more intensely than the positive emotions of gaining it. For example, if someone is given £100 and loses £50, they are likely to feel much worse than if they had simply been given £50, despite an equal net gain. These behavioural patterns mean that people make very different decisions than traditional economic theories predict.

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Professor Elliot Bendoly | OUtCoMES: A New Framework to Guide Analytical Evidence-based Projects

Professor Elliot Bendoly | OUtCoMES: A New Framework to Guide Analytical Evidence-based Projects

Making the best, practical use of analysis, is often far from straightforward. Less than half of analytics projects succeed. Professor Elliot Bendoly, of the Ohio State University’s Fisher School of Business, has been working with colleagues and industry professionals to advance a modern project-management framework, the OUtCoMES Cycle, which aims to avoid these lost opportunities.

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